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ALLEN BRAIN ATLAS API

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The BrainSpan Atlas of the Developing Human Brain is a foundational resource for studying transcriptional mechanisms involved in human brain development. The data includes:

  • Developmental Transcriptome: RNA sequencing and exon microarray data profiling up to sixteen cortical and subcortical structures across the full course of human brain development
  • Prenatal LMD Microarray: High-resolution neuroanatomical transcriptional profiles of ~300 distinct structures spanning the entire brain for four midgestional prenatal specimens

From the API, you can:

Download expression values
Query the correlative and differential search services

Developmental Transcriptome

Experimental Overview and Metadata

The Developmental Transcriptome Study is a broad developmental survey of gene expression in specific brain regions using RNA sequencing and exon microarray techniques. The survey profiles up to sixteen targeted cortical and subcortical structures across the full course of human brain development, spanning pre- and postnatal-development in both males and females.

Each sampling site is associated with a Structure. For convenience, surveyed structures are grouped together in the "Developing Human - Transcriptome" StructureSet.

Typically, for each sample four types of expression values are available:

  • RNA-Seq RPKM values summarized to the gene level
  • RNA-Seq RPKM values summarized to the exon level
  • Normalized exon microarray expression values summarized to the gene level
  • Normalized exon microarray expression values summarized to the probeset level

Normalized expression values can be downloaded in several ways:

  • From the web application Download page.
  • From the "Download this data" link below the heatmap in the web application.
  • From the connected data service in the API

All experimental data from this study is associated with the "Developing Human Transcriptome" Product. All gene, exon, probeset, donor and sampling site information can be accessed through the API using RMA queries.

Examples:

  • All donors in the Product
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/Donor/query.xml?include=age&criteria=products[id$eq24]
  • All samples in the Product
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Specimen,
rma::criteria,donor(products[id$eq24]),
well_known_files(well_known_file_type[name$eqRNASeqSummarizedToGenes]),
rma::include,donor(age)
  • All prenatal donors in the Product
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Donor,
rma::criteria,products[id$eq24],rma::include,age[embryonic$eqtrue]
  • All postnatal donors in the Product
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Donor,
rma::criteria,products[id$eq24],rma::include,age[embryonic$eqfalse]
  • All surveyed structures
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Structure,
rma::criteria,structure_sets[name$eq'Developing Human - Transcriptome'],
rma::options[only$eq'structures.id,structures.acronym,structures.name,structures.color_hex_triplet']

Anchor
ExpressionStructures
ExpressionStructures
Downloading Expression Values

Normalized expression values can be obtained by specifying:

  • the required expression type ("set"),
  • a list of "probes",
  • a list of donors (optional), and
  • a list of structures (optional)

See the connected service page for definitions of service::dev_human_expression parameters.

Expression Type

"set"
parameter

"probe"
object

RNA-Seq RPKM values
summarized to the gene level

rna_seq_genes

Gene
(ensembl_id not null )

RNA-Seq RPKM values
summarized to the exon level

rna_seq_exons

GoExons

Exon microarray expression values
summarized to the gene level

exon_microarray_genes

Gene
(entrez_id not null )

Exon microarray expression values
summarized to the probeset level

exon_microarray_exons

AffymetriProbsets

RNA-Seq RPKM values summarized to the gene level

Example:

Download RNA-Seq expression values for samples from donor "H376.VI.52" associated with gene CARTPT

  • Find Donor ID for "H376.VI.52" (id = 12890)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Donor,
rma::criteria,[name$eq'H376.VI.52'],
rma::options[only$eq'donors.id']
  • Find Gene ID associated with gene CARTPT (id = 1098278)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Gene,
rma::criteria,[acronym$eq'CARTPT'][type$eq'EnsemblGene'],organism[name$eq'Homo Sapiens'],
rma::options[only$eq'genes.id']
  • Use set = rna_seq_genes, Gene ("probe") and Donor IDs as parameter to the service::dev_human_expression
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.json?criteria=service::dev_human_expression
[set$eq'rna_seq_genes'][probes$eq1098278][donors$eq12890]

The output of the service is two top level ordered arrays "probes" and "samples". For example:

No Format
"probes":[
    {"id":1098278,
    "name":"ENSG00000164326",
    "gene-id":9463,
    "gene-symbol":"CARTPT","gene-name":"CART prepropeptide",
    "entrez-id":9607,"chromosome":"5","start-position":"n/a","end-position":"n/a",
    "expression_level":["5.5566","4.9466","5.6331",...]}
    ],
"samples":[
    {"donor":{"id":12890,"name":"H376.VI.52","age":"4 mos","color":"76EB76"},
     "structure":{"id":10173,"name":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","abbreviation":"DFC","color":"D4B235"},
     "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}},
     {"donor":{"id":12890,"name":"H376.VI.52","age":"4 mos","color":"76EB76"},
     "structure":{"id":10185,"name":"ventrolateral prefrontal cortex","abbreviation":"VFC","color":"C2A335"},
     "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}},
     {"donor":{"id":12890,"name":"H376.VI.52","age":"4 mos","color":"76EB76"},
     "structure":{"id":10278,"name":"anterior (rostral) cingulate (medial prefrontal) cortex","abbreviation":"MFC","color":"E26880"},
     "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}}, ...
     ],

Each probe (Gene) contains information about:

  • the Ensembl Gene (id, name), and
  • the associated NCBI Gene (id, acronym, name, entrez-id), along with
  • a vector of normalized expression values in the same order as the "samples" array.

Each sample contains information about:

  • the Donor (id, name, age),
  • the associated Structure (id, name, acronym and color), and
  • the associated top (coarse) level Structure (id, name, acronym and color).

RNA-Seq RPKM values summarized to the exon level

Example:

Download RNA-Seq expression values for samples from donor "H376.VI.52" and all exons associated with gene CARTPT

  • Find Donor ID for "H376.VI.52" (id = 12890)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Donor,
rma::criteria,[name$eq'H376.VI.52'],
rma::options[only$eq'donors.id']
  • Find GoExons ID associated with gene CARTPT (id = 279330730,279330740,279330735)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::GoExon,
rma::criteria,gene_association(gene[acronym$eq'CARTPT']),
rma::options[only$eq'go_exons.id']
  • Use set = rna_seq_exons, GoExon ("probe") and Donor IDs as parameter to the service::dev_human_expression
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.json?criteria=service::dev_human_expression
[set$eq'rna_seq_exons'][probes$eq279330730,279330740,2793307356][donors$eq12890]

The output of the service is two top level ordered arrays "probes" and "samples". For example:

No Format
"probes":[
    {"id":279330730,
    "name":"ENSG00000164326",
    "gene-id":1098278,
    "gene-symbol":"CARTPT",
    "gene-name":"CART prepropeptide",
    "entrez-id":9607,"chromosome":"5","start-position":71014989,"end-position":71015279,
    "expression_level":["5.7282","4.8102","5.7152", ... ]},
    {"id":279330735,
    "name":"ENSG00000164326",
    "gene-id":1098278,"gene-symbol":"CARTPT",
    "gene-name":"CART prepropeptide",
    "entrez-id":9607,"chromosome":"5","start-position":71015405,"end-position":71015790,
    "expression_level":["4.4128","3.8230","4.3135", ... ]},
    {"id":279330740,
    "name":"ENSG00000164326",
    "gene-id":1098278,"gene-symbol":"CARTPT",
    "gene-name":"CART prepropeptide",
    "entrez-id":9607,"chromosome":"5","start-position":71016334,"end-position":71016875,
    "expression_level":["5.9593","5.4664","6.1137", ... ]}
    ],
"samples":[
    {"donor":{"id":12890,"name":"H376.VI.52","age":"4 mos","color":"76EB76"},
     "structure":{"id":10173,"name":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","abbreviation":"DFC","color":"D4B235"},
     "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}},
     {"donor":{"id":12890,"name":"H376.VI.52","age":"4 mos","color":"76EB76"},
     "structure":{"id":10185,"name":"ventrolateral prefrontal cortex","abbreviation":"VFC","color":"C2A335"},
     "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}},
     {"donor":{"id":12890,"name":"H376.VI.52","age":"4 mos","color":"76EB76"},
     "structure":{"id":10278,"name":"anterior (rostral) cingulate (medial prefrontal) cortex","abbreviation":"MFC","color":"E26880"},
     "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}}, ...
     ],

Each probe (GoExon) contains information about:

  • the GoExon (id, name), and
  • the associated Ensembl Gene (id, acronym, name, entrez-id), along with
  • a vector of normalized expression values in the same order as the "samples" array.

Each sample contains information about:

  • the Donor (id, name, age),
  • the associated Structure (id, name, acronym and color), and
  • the associated top (coarse) level Structure (id, name, acronym and color).

Normalized exon microarray expression values summarized to the gene level

Example:

Download exon microarray expression values for samples from donor "H376.VI.50" associated with gene CARTPT

  • Find Donor ID for "H376.VI.50" (id = 12296)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Donor,
rma::criteria,[name$eq'H376.VI.50'],
rma::options[only$eq'donors.id']
  • Find Gene ID associated with gene CARTPT (id = 9463)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Gene,
rma::criteria,[acronym$eq'CARTPT'][type$eq'NcbiGene'],organism[name$eq'Homo Sapiens'],
rma::options[only$eq'genes.id']
  • Use set = exon_microarray_genes, Gene ("probe") and Donor IDs as parameter to the service::dev_human_expression
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.json?criteria=service::dev_human_expression
[set$eq'exon_microarray_genes'][probes$eq9463][donors$eq12296]

The output of the service is two top level ordered arrays "probes" and "samples". For example:

No Format
"probes":[
    {"id":9463,
    "name":"ENSG00000164326",
    "gene-id":9463,
    "gene-symbol":"CARTPT",
    "gene-name":"CART prepropeptide",
    "entrez-id":9607,"chromosome":"5","start-position":"n/a","end-position":"n/a",
    "expression_level":["8.1073","5.9564","6.3102","7.0532","9.6157","7.1290","5.1168","4.4212","4.2779"],
    "z-score":["1.3547","0.0538","0.2678","0.7172","2.2670","0.7630","-0.4541","-0.8748","-0.9615"]}
    ],
"samples":[
    {"donor":{"id":12296,"name":"H376.VI.50","age":"4 mos","color":"80FF80"},
    "structure":{"id":10278,"name":"anterior (rostral) cingulate (medial prefrontal) cortex","abbreviation":"MFC","color":"E26880"},
    "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}},
    {"donor":{"id":12296,"name":"H376.VI.50","age":"4 mos","color":"80FF80"},
    "structure":{"id":10243,"name":"posterior (caudal) superior temporal cortex (area 22c)","abbreviation":"STC","color":"D670A0"},
    "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}}, ...
    ]

Each probe (Gene) contains information about:

  • the NCBI Gene (id), and
  • the associated NCBI Gene (id, acronym, name, entrez-id), along with
  • a vector of normalized expression values in the same order as the "samples" array, and
  • a vector of z-score values in the same order as the "samples" array. Note: z-score is computed independently over all samples for each gene.

Each sample contains information about:

  • the Donor (id, name, age),
  • the associated Structure (id, name, acronym and color), and
  • the associated top (coarse) level Structure (id, name, acronym and color).

Normalized exon microarray expression values summarized to a probeset level

Download exon microarray expression values for samples from donor "H376.VI.50" for all probesets associated with gene CARTPT

  • Find Donor ID for "H376.VI.50" (id = 12296)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Donor,
rma::criteria,[name$eq'H376.VI.50'],
rma::options[only$eq'donors.id']
  • Find AffymetrixProbeset ID associated with gene CARTPT (id = 280550735,280550750,280550740,280550730,280550745)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::AffymetrixProbeset,
rma::criteria,gene_association(gene[acronym$eq'CARTPT'](organism[name$eq'Homo Sapiens'])),
rma::options[only$eq'affymetrix_probesets.id']
  • Use set = exon_microarray_exons, AffymetrixProbeset ("probe") and Donor IDs as parameter to the service::dev_human_expression
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.json?criteria=service::dev_human_expression
[set$eq'exon_microarray_exons'][probes$eq280550735,280550750,280550740,280550730,280550745][donors$eq12296]

The output of the service is two top level ordered arrays "probes" and "samples". For example:

No Format
"probes":[
    {"id":280550735,
    "name":"ENSG00000164326",
    "gene-id":9463,
    "gene-symbol":"CARTPT",
    "gene-name":"CART prepropeptide",
    "entrez-id":9607,"chromosome":"5","start-position":71015125,"end-position":71015265,
    "expression_level":["8.1073","6.4681","6.3102","7.0532","9.4350","7.1290","5.1560","5.0550","4.9879"],
    "z-score":["1.4783","0.0367","-0.1021","0.5513","2.6458","0.6179","-1.1171","-1.2059","-1.2649"]},
    {"id":280550750,
    "name":"ENSG00000164326",
    "gene-id":9463,
    "gene-symbol":"CARTPT",
    "gene-name":"CART prepropeptide",
    "entrez-id":9607,"chromosome":"5","start-position":71016613,"end-position":71016799,
    "expression_level":["10.1951","8.8021","7.7846","9.4317","11.8110","10.0210","6.1850","5.6075","4.5526"],
    "z-score":["1.2342","0.6566","0.2348","0.9177","1.9041","1.1620","-0.4284","-0.6678","-1.1052"]},
    ],
"samples":[
    {"donor":{"id":12296,"name":"H376.VI.50","age":"4 mos","color":"80FF80"},
    "structure":{"id":10278,"name":"anterior (rostral) cingulate (medial prefrontal) cortex","abbreviation":"MFC","color":"E26880"},
    "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}},
    {"donor":{"id":12296,"name":"H376.VI.50","age":"4 mos","color":"80FF80"},
    "structure":{"id":10243,"name":"posterior (caudal) superior temporal cortex (area 22c)","abbreviation":"STC","color":"D670A0"},
    "top_level_structure":{"id":10153,"name":"neural plate","abbreviation":"NP","color":"D7D8D8"}}, ...
    ]

Each probe (Gene) contains information about:

  • the AffymetrixProbeset (id), and
  • the associated NCBI Gene (id, acronym, name, entrez-id), along with
  • a vector of normalized expression values in the same order as the "samples" array, and
  • a vector of z-score values in the same order as the "samples" array. Note: z-score is computed independently over all samples for each gene.

Each sample contains information about:

  • the Donor (id, name, age),
  • the associated Structure (id, name, acronym and color), and
  • the associated top (coarse) level Structure (id, name, acronym and color).

Anchor
SearchServices
SearchServices
Differential Search

Differential search find "probes" that show the greatest difference in expression values between two sets (target and contrast) of user-defined structures. For each probe, a 2-sample t-test is performed followed by Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate correction. The null hypothesis is that the average expression level of samples in the contrast set of structures is greater than or equal to the average expression level of samples in the target set of structures. A statistically significant result (p-value less than user-defined threshold) allows us to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average expression level of samples in the target set of structures is greater than the average expression level of samples in the contrast set of structures. Resulting p-values are sorted in ascending order. Search results can also be sorted by fold-change (log ratio of expression) in descending order.

The differential  search function can be accessed through the Web application or using the API.

See the connected service page for definitions of service::dev_human_differential parameters.

Example:

Differential search for genes with higher expression in "striatum" than in the whole "neural plate" over all donors for each of the four types of expression data.

  • Find Structure ID for "striatum" (id = 10333 )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Structure,
rma::criteria,[name$il'striatum'],ontology[name$eq'Developing Human Brain Atlas'],
rma::options[only$eq'structures.id']
  • Find Structure ID for "neural plate" (id = 10153)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Structure,
rma::criteria,[name$il'neural plate'],ontology[name$eq'Developing Human Brain Atlas'],
rma::options[only$eq'structures.id']
  • Differential search for gene-level RNA-Seq data (set = rna_seq_genes)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_differential
[set$eq'rna_seq_genes'][structures1$eq10153][structures2$eq10333][sort_by$eq'fold-change']
  • Differential search for exon-level RNA-Seq data (set = rna_seq_exons )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_differential
[set$eq'rna_seq_exons'][structures1$eq10153][structures2$eq10333][sort_by$eq'fold-change']
  • Differential search for gene-level exon microarray data (set = exon_microarray_genes )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_differential
[set$eq'exon_microarray_genes'][structures1$eq10153][structures2$eq10333][sort_by$eq'fold-change']
  • Differential search for probeset-level exon microarray data (set = exon_microarray_exons )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_differential
[set$eq'exon_microarray_exons'][structures1$eq10153][structures2$eq10333][sort_by$eq'fold-change']
  • Visualize the gene-level RNA-Seq differential search result in the Web application

Figure: Screenshot of top returns of a differential search for genes with higher expression in the striatum than in the whole neural plate.

Example:

Differential search for genes with higher expression at 8-9 pcw than at 10-12 pcw over the whole "neural plate" for each of the four types of expression data.

  • Find Structure ID for "neural plate" (id = 10153)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Structure,
rma::criteria,[name$il'neural plate'],ontology[name$eq'Developing Human Brain Atlas'],
rma::options[only$eq'structures.id']
  • Find Donor IDs for donors within age 8-9 pcw (id = 12833,13058)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Donor,
rma::criteria,products[name$eq'Developing Human Transcriptome'],age[embryonic$eqtrue][days$ge56][days$le63],
rma::options[only$eq'donors.id']
  • Find Donor IDs for donors within age 10-12 pcw (id = 12835,12960,13060)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Donor,
rma::criteria,products[name$eq'Developing Human Transcriptome'],age[embryonic$eqtrue][days$ge70][days$le84],
rma::options[only$eq'donors.id']
  • Differential search for gene-level RNA-Seq data (set = rna_seq_genes)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_differential
[set$eq'rna_seq_genes'][donors1$eq12835,12960,13060][donors2$eq12833,13058]
[structures1$eq10153][structures2$eq10153][sort_by$eq'fold-change']
  • Differential search for exon-level RNA-Seq data (set = rna_seq_exons )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_differential
[set$eq'rna_seq_exons'][donors1$eq12835,12960,13060][donors2$eq12833,13058]
[structures1$eq10153][structures2$eq10153][sort_by$eq'fold-change']
  • Differential search for gene-level exon microarray data (set = exon_microarray_genes )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_differential
[set$eq'exon_microarray_genes'][donors1$eq12835,12960,13060][donors2$eq12833,13058]
[structures1$eq10153][structures2$eq10153][sort_by$eq'fold-change']
  • Differential search for probeset-level exon microarray data (set = exon_microarray_exons )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_differential
[set$eq'exon_microarray_exons'][donors1$eq12835,12960,13060][donors2$eq12833,13058]
[structures1$eq10153][structures2$eq10153][sort_by$eq'fold-change']

Correlative Search

Correlative search finds "probes" with expression profile similar that of a to a selected seed "probe" over all samples within a user-specified structure and for user-specified donors. Pearson's correlation coefficient is computed for all probes and the results ranked in descending order.

The correlative search function can be accessed through the Web application or using the API.

See the connected service page for definitions of service::dev_human_correlation parameters.

Example:

Correlative search for "probes" with similar expression to PVALB over the whole brain

  • Correlative search for gene-level RNA-Seq data  ( seed ?Ensembl Gene id = 1089164, set = rna_seq_genes )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=
service::dev_human_correlation[set$eqrna_seq_genes][probes$eq1089164][structures$eq10153]
  • Correlative search for exon-level RNA-Seq data  ( seed GoExon id = 278724739, set = rna_seq_exons )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=
service::dev_human_correlation[set$eqrna_seq_exons][probes$eq278724739][structures$eq10153]
  • Correlative search for gene-level exon microarray data (seed NCBI Gene id = 5784, set = exon_microarray_genes )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=
service::dev_human_correlation[set$eqexon_microarray_genes][probes$eq5784][structures$eq10153]
  • Correlative search for probeset-level exon microarray data ( seed AffymetrixProbeset id = 281337753, set = exon_microarray_exons )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=
service::dev_human_correlation[set$eqexon_microarray_exons][probes$eq281337753][structures$eq10153]

Prenatal LMD Microarray

Experimental Overview and Metadata

The Prenatal LMD Microarray Study is a genome-wide microarray data profiling of gene expression in finely dissected regions spanning the entire prenatal human brain and isolated using laser microdissection (LMD).

RNA isolated from each sample area was hybridized to a custom Agilent 8x60k microarray chip to measure gene expression over the transcriptome. All least two different probes were available for 93% of genes. Probes were located on different exons as much as possible when multiple probes were available for a gene. For 60 genes, sets of tiling probes were designed. This study uses the same chip design as the Human Brain Microarray Survey.

Each sampling site was associated with a Structure by expert anatomists using cytoarchitectural information from multiple histological stains. Structures are organized hierarchically into a tree in which children structures are “parts of” their parent structure. Structures are assigned colors that visually emphasize the hierarchical relationships.

See the structure ontology page for more information.

Normalized microarray expression values can be downloaded in several ways:

  • From the web application Download page. Each zip file contains the normalized values for all probes and all samples for one donor )
  • From the "Download this data" link below the heatmap in the web application.
  • From the connected data service in the API

All experimental data from this study is associated with the "Developing Human Prenatal LMD Microarray" Product. All probe and sampling site information can be accessed through the API using RMA queries.

Examples:

Downloading Expression Values

Normalized expression values can be obtained by specifying:

  • a list of probes
  • a list of donors (optional), and
  • a list of structures (optional)

See the connected service page for definitions of service::dev_human_microarray_expression parameters.

Example:

Download expression values for donor "H376.IIIA.02" in structure "cerebellar cortex" for all probes associated with gene SLC6A.

  • Find Donor ID for "H376.IIIA.02" (id = 12840)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Donor,
rma::criteria,[name$eq'H376.IIIA.02'],
rma::options[only$eq'donors.id']
  • Find Structure ID for "cerebellar cortex" (id = 10657)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Structure,
rma::criteria,[name$il'cerebellar cortex'],ontology[name$eq'Developing Human Brain Atlas'],
rma::options[only$eq'structures.id']
  • Find Probes associated with gene SLC6A2(id = 1023146,1023147 )
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Probe,
rma::criteria,[probe_type$eq'DNA'],products[abbreviation$eq'HumanMA'],gene[acronym$eq'SLC6A2'],
rma::options[only$eq'probes.id']
  • Use Donor, Structure and Probe IDs as parameters to the connected service
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.json?criteria=
service::dev_human_microarray_expression[probes$eq1023146,1023147][donors$eq12840][structures$eq10657]

The output of the service is two top level ordered arrays "probes" and "samples". For example:

No Format
"probes":[
    {"id":1023146,
    "name":"A_23_P358345",
    "gene-id":6494,
    "gene-symbol":"SLC6A2",
    "gene-name":"solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2",
    "entrez-id":6530,"chromosome":"16","start-position":"n/a","end-position":"n/a",
    "expression_level":["5.6462","5.9486","3.1022"],
    "z-score":["2.4164","2.6249","0.6624"]},
    {"id":1023147,
    "name":"CUST_16472_PI416261804",
    "gene-id":6494,"gene-symbol":"SLC6A2",
    "gene-name":"solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2",
    "entrez-id":6530,"chromosome":"16","start-position":"n/a","end-position":"n/a",
    "expression_level":["2.8149","1.2956","1.7658"],
    "z-score":["0.8169","-0.9788","-0.4231"]}
    ],
"samples":[
    {"donor":{"id":12840,"name":"H376.IIIA.02","age":"15 pcw","color":"0080FF"},
    "structure":{"id":10658,"name":"cerebellar vermis","abbreviation":"CBV","color":"76A2D5"},
    "top_level_structure":{"id":10657,"name":"cerebellar cortex","abbreviation":"CBC","color":"89ADDB"}},
    {"donor":{"id":12840,"name":"H376.IIIA.02","age":"15 pcw","color":"0080FF"},
    "structure":{"id":12384,"name":"paravermis of cerebellum","abbreviation":"CBPV","color":"4A8ECC"},
    "top_level_structure":{"id":10657,"name":"cerebellar cortex","abbreviation":"CBC","color":"89ADDB"}},
    {"donor":{"id":12840,"name":"H376.IIIA.02","age":"15 pcw","color":"0080FF"},
    "structure":{"id":12390,"name":"lateral hemisphere of cerebellum","abbreviation":"CBL","color":"4A8ECC"},
    "top_level_structure":{"id":10657,"name":"cerebellar cortex","abbreviation":"CBC","color":"89ADDB"}}
    ]

Each probe contains information about:

  • the Probe(id, name), and
  • the Gene (id, acronym, name, entrez-id), along with
  • a vector of normalized expression values in the same order as the "samples" array.
  • a vector of z-score values in the same order as the "samples" array. Note: z-score is computed independently for each probe over all donors and samples.

Each sample contains information about:

  • the Donor (id, name, age),
  • the associated Structure (id, name, acronym and color), and
  • the associated top (coarse) level Structure (id, name, acronym and color).

Differential Search

Differential search finds probes that show the greatest difference between two sets (target and contrast) of user-defined structures. For each probe, a 2-sample t-test is performed followed by Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate correction. The null hypothesis is that the average expression level of samples in the contrast set of structures is less than the average expression level of samples in the target set of structures. Resulting p-values are sorted in ascending order. Search results can also be sorted by fold-change (log ratio of expression) in descending order.

The differential  search function can be accessed through the Web application or using the API.

See the connected service page for definitions of service::dev_human_microarray_differential parameters.

Example:
Differential search for genes with higher expression in "thalamus" than the "transient structures of forebrain"

  • Find Structure ID for "thalamus" (id = 10390)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Structure,
rma::criteria,[name$il'thalamus'],ontology[name$eq'Developing Human Brain Atlas'],
rma::options[only$eq'structures.id']
  • Find Structure ID for "transient structures of forebrain" (id = 10506)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Structure,
rma::criteria,[name$il'transient structures of forebrain'],ontology[name$eq'Developing Human Brain Atlas'],
rma::options[only$eq'structures.id']
  • Use Structure IDs as parameters to the connected service
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_microarray_differential
[structures1$eq10506][structures2$eq10390][sort_by$eq'fold-change']
  • Visualize the same search result in the Web application 

Figure: Screenshot of top returns of a differential search for genes with higher expression in the thalamus than in the transient structures of forebrain. The z-score heatmap shows enrichment in the thalamus relative to other brain regions.

Correlative Search

Correlative search finds probes with expression profile similar to that of a selected seed probe over all samples within a user-specified structure. Pearson's correlation coefficient is computed for all probes and the results ranked in descending order.

This correlative search function can be accessed through the Web application or using the API.

See the connected service page for definitions of service::dev_human_microarray_correlation parameters.

Example:
Correlative search for probes with similar expression to PVALB probe CUST_11451_PI416261804 over the whole neural plate

  • Find Probe ID for probe "CUST_11451_PI416261804" (id = 1052410)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Probe,
rma::criteria,[name$eq'CUST_11451_PI416261804'],
rma::options[only$eq'probes.id']
  • Find Structure ID for "neural plate" (id = 10153)
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=model::Structure,
rma::criteria,[name$il'neural plate'],ontology[name$eq'Developing Human Brain Atlas'],
rma::options[only$eq'structures.id']
  • Use Probe and Structure IDs as parameters to the connected service
    No Format
    http://api.brain-map.org/api/v2/data/query.xml?criteria=service::dev_human_microarray_correlation
[probes$eq1052410][structures$eq10153]
  • Visualize the same search result in the Web application

Figure: Screenshot of top returns of a correlative search for probes with similar expression to a PVALB probe with expression values displayed as a z-score heatmap.